The check in "receive-pack" to prevent a checked out branch from
getting updated via updateInstead mechanism has been corrected.
* ps/receive-pack-updateinstead-in-worktree:
receive-pack: use worktree HEAD for updateInstead
t5516: clean up cloned and new-wt in denyCurrentBranch and worktrees test
t5516: test updateInstead with worktree and unborn bare HEAD
The way the "git log -L<range>:<file>" feature is bolted onto the
log/diff machinery is being reworked a bit to make the feature
compatible with more diff options, like -S/G.
* mm/line-log-use-standard-diff-output:
doc: note that -L supports patch formatting and pickaxe options
t4211: add tests for -L with standard diff options
line-log: route -L output through the standard diff pipeline
line-log: fix crash when combined with pickaxe options
Junio C Hamano [Tue, 7 Apr 2026 21:59:26 +0000 (14:59 -0700)]
Merge branch 'ps/fsck-wo-the-repository'
Internals of "git fsck" have been refactored to not depend on the
global `the_repository` variable.
* ps/fsck-wo-the-repository:
builtin/fsck: stop using `the_repository` in error reporting
builtin/fsck: stop using `the_repository` when marking objects
builtin/fsck: stop using `the_repository` when checking packed objects
builtin/fsck: stop using `the_repository` with loose objects
builtin/fsck: stop using `the_repository` when checking reflogs
builtin/fsck: stop using `the_repository` when checking refs
builtin/fsck: stop using `the_repository` when snapshotting refs
builtin/fsck: fix trivial dependence on `the_repository`
fsck: drop USE_THE_REPOSITORY
fsck: store repository in fsck options
fsck: initialize fsck options via a function
fetch-pack: move fsck options into function scope
Junio C Hamano [Tue, 7 Apr 2026 21:59:25 +0000 (14:59 -0700)]
Merge branch 'ps/commit-graph-overflow-fix'
Fix a regression in writing the commit-graph where commits with dates
exceeding 34 bits (beyond year 2514) could cause an underflow and
crash Git during the generation data overflow chunk writing.
Junio C Hamano [Mon, 6 Apr 2026 22:42:51 +0000 (15:42 -0700)]
Merge branch 'jk/c23-const-preserving-fixes'
Adjust the codebase for C23 that changes functions like strchr()
that discarded constness when they return a pointer into a const
string to preserve constness.
* jk/c23-const-preserving-fixes:
config: store allocated string in non-const pointer
rev-parse: avoid writing to const string for parent marks
revision: avoid writing to const string for parent marks
rev-parse: simplify dotdot parsing
revision: make handle_dotdot() interface less confusing
Junio C Hamano [Mon, 6 Apr 2026 22:42:50 +0000 (15:42 -0700)]
Merge branch 'aa/reap-transport-child-processes'
A few code paths that spawned child processes for network
connection weren't wait(2)ing for their children and letting "init"
reap them instead; they have been tightened.
* aa/reap-transport-child-processes:
transport-helper, connect: use clean_on_exit to reap children on abnormal exit
Junio C Hamano [Mon, 6 Apr 2026 22:42:49 +0000 (15:42 -0700)]
Merge branch 'tb/stdin-packs-excluded-but-open'
pack-objects's --stdin-packs=follow mode learns to handle
excluded-but-open packs.
* tb/stdin-packs-excluded-but-open:
repack: mark non-MIDX packs above the split as excluded-open
pack-objects: support excluded-open packs with --stdin-packs
t7704: demonstrate failure with once-cruft objects above the geometric split
pack-objects: refactor `read_packs_list_from_stdin()` to use `strmap`
pack-objects: plug leak in `read_stdin_packs()`
Object name handling (disambiguation and abbreviation) has been
refactored to be backend-generic, moving logic into the respective
object database backends.
* ps/odb-generic-object-name-handling:
odb: introduce generic `odb_find_abbrev_len()`
object-file: move logic to compute packed abbreviation length
object-name: move logic to compute loose abbreviation length
object-name: simplify computing common prefixes
object-name: abbreviate loose object names without `disambiguate_state`
object-name: merge `update_candidates()` and `match_prefix()`
object-name: backend-generic `get_short_oid()`
object-name: backend-generic `repo_collect_ambiguous()`
object-name: extract function to parse object ID prefixes
object-name: move logic to iterate through packed prefixed objects
object-name: move logic to iterate through loose prefixed objects
odb: introduce `struct odb_for_each_object_options`
oidtree: extend iteration to allow for arbitrary return codes
oidtree: modernize the code a bit
object-file: fix sparse 'plain integer as NULL pointer' error
René Scharfe [Mon, 6 Apr 2026 09:31:21 +0000 (11:31 +0200)]
history: fix short help for argument of --update-refs
"print" is not a valid argument for --update-refs. List both valid
alternatives literally in the argh string, consistent with documentation
and usage string.
Signed-off-by: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
1edeb9a (Win32: warn if the console font doesn't support Unicode,
2014-06-10) introduced both code to detect the current console font on
Windows Vista and newer and a fallback for older systems to detect the
default console font and issue a warning if that font doesn't support
unicode.
Since we haven't supported any Windows older than Vista in almost a
decade, we don't need to keep the workaround.
Signed-off-by: Matthias Aßhauer <mha1993@live.de> Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
unify and bump _WIN32_WINNT definition to Windows 8.1
Git for Windows doesn't support anything prior to Windows 8.1 since 2.47.0
and Git followed along with commits like ce6ccba (mingw: drop Windows
7-specific work-around, 2025-08-04).
There is no need to pretend to the compiler that we still support Windows
Vista, just to lock us out of easy access to newer APIs. There is also no
need to have conflicting and unused definitions claiming we support some
versions of Windows XP or even Windows NT 4.0.
Bump all definitions of _WIN32_WINNT to a realistic value of Windows 8.1.
This will also simplify code for a followup commit that will improve cpu
core detection on multi-socket systems.
Signed-off-by: Matthias Aßhauer <mha1993@live.de> Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Commit 85127bcdea ("backfill: assume --sparse when sparse-checkout is
enabled") intended for 'git backfill' to consult the repository
configuration when the user does not pass '--sparse' or
'--no-sparse' on the command line. It added the sentinel check:
if (ctx->sparse < 0)
ctx->sparse = cfg->apply_sparse_checkout;
However, the ctx->sparse field is initialized to 0 instead of -1,
so this guard never triggers. Consequently, the repository config
(core.sparseCheckout) is never checked, and the command always
performs a full backfill even when sparse-checkout is enabled.
Fix this by initializing ctx->sparse to -1, ensuring the existing
fallback logic correctly reads the repository configuration when
no explicit flags are provided.
Add a test to verify that 'git backfill' automatically respects
sparse-checkout settings when no flags are passed.
Signed-off-by: Trieu Huynh <vikingtc4@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Junio C Hamano [Fri, 3 Apr 2026 22:24:45 +0000 (15:24 -0700)]
Merge branch 'ps/dash-buggy-0.5.13-workaround'
The way dash 0.5.13 handles non-ASCII contents in here-doc
is buggy and breaks our existing tests, which unfortunately
have been rewritten to avoid triggering the bug.
* ps/dash-buggy-0.5.13-workaround:
t9300: work around partial read bug in Dash v0.5.13
t: work around multibyte bug in quoted heredocs with Dash v0.5.13
Junio C Hamano [Fri, 3 Apr 2026 20:01:08 +0000 (13:01 -0700)]
Merge branch 'ar/config-hook-cleanups'
Code clean-up around the recent "hooks defined in config" topic.
* ar/config-hook-cleanups:
hook: reject unknown hook names in git-hook(1)
hook: show disabled hooks in "git hook list"
hook: show config scope in git hook list
hook: introduce hook_config_cache_entry for per-hook data
t1800: add test to verify hook execution ordering
hook: make consistent use of friendly-name in docs
hook: replace hook_list_clear() -> string_list_clear_func()
hook: detect & emit two more bugs
hook: rename cb_data_free/alloc -> hook_data_free/alloc
hook: fix minor style issues
builtin/receive-pack: properly init receive_hook strbuf
hook: move unsorted_string_list_remove() to string-list.[ch]
Junio C Hamano [Fri, 3 Apr 2026 20:01:08 +0000 (13:01 -0700)]
Merge branch 'ds/backfill-revs'
`git backfill` learned to accept revision and pathspec arguments.
* ds/backfill-revs:
t5620: test backfill's unknown argument handling
path-walk: support wildcard pathspecs for blob filtering
backfill: work with prefix pathspecs
backfill: accept revision arguments
t5620: prepare branched repo for revision tests
revision: include object-name.h
Junio C Hamano [Fri, 3 Apr 2026 20:01:08 +0000 (13:01 -0700)]
Merge branch 'mf/format-patch-commit-list-format'
Improve the recently introduced `git format-patch
--commit-list-format` (formerly `--cover-letter-format`) option,
including a new "modern" preset and better CLI ergonomics.
* mf/format-patch-commit-list-format:
format-patch: --commit-list-format without prefix
format-patch: add preset for --commit-list-format
format-patch: wrap generate_commit_list_cover()
format.commitListFormat: strip meaning from empty
docs/pretty-formats: add %(count) and %(total)
format-patch: rename --cover-letter-format option
format-patch: refactor generate_commit_list_cover
pretty.c: better die message %(count) and %(total)
"git format-patch --cover-letter" learns to use a simpler format
instead of the traditional shortlog format to list its commits with
a new --cover-letter-format option and format.commitListFormat
configuration variable.
* mf/format-patch-cover-letter-format:
docs: add usage for the cover-letter fmt feature
format-patch: add commitListFormat config
format-patch: add ability to use alt cover format
format-patch: move cover letter summary generation
pretty.c: add %(count) and %(total) placeholders
The `mingw_strftime()` wrapper exists to work around msvcrt.dll's
incomplete `strftime()` implementation by dynamically loading the
version from ucrtbase.dll at runtime via `LoadLibrary()` +
`GetProcAddress()`. When the binary is already linked against UCRT
(i.e. when building in the UCRT64 environment), the linked-in
`strftime()` is the ucrtbase.dll version, making the dynamic loading
needless churn: It's calling the very same code.
Simply guard both the declaration and implementation so that the
unnecessary work-around is skipped in UCRT builds.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This is a companion patch of 3b9b2c2a29a (compat/posix: introduce
writev(3p) wrapper, 2026-03-13) where support for using the `writev()`
wrapper was introduced in the `Makefile` and the Meson-based build, but
the CMake build still needs that treatment, too.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Basically, what's happening here is that we spawn git-fast-import(1) and
wait for it to output a certain string, "progress checkpoint". Curiously
though, what we end up reading is "rogress checkpoint" -- so the first
byte of the expected string is missing.
Same as in the preceding commit, this seems to be a bug in Dash itself
that bisects to c5bf970 (expand: Add multi-byte support to pmatch,
2024-06-02). But other than in the preceding commit, this bug has
already been fixed upstream in 079059a (input: Fix heap-buffer-overflow
in preadbuffer on long lines, 2026-02-11), which is part of v0.5.13.2.
For now though, work around the bug by waiting for the expected output
in a different way. There is no good reason why one version should work
better than the other, but at least the new version doesn't exhibit the
bug. And, if you ask me, it's also slightly easier to read.
Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
t: work around multibyte bug in quoted heredocs with Dash v0.5.13
When executing our test suite with Dash v0.5.13.2 one can observe
several test failures that all have the same symptoms: we have a quoted
heredoc that contains multibyte characters, but the final data does not
match what we actually wanted to write. One such example is in t0300,
where we see the diffs like the following:
While seemingly the same, the data that we've written via the heredoc
contains some invisible bytes. The expected hex representation of the
string is:
7065 72c3 ba2e 6769 74 per...git
But what we actually get instead is this string:
7065 7285 02c3 ba02 852e 6769 74 per.......git
What's important to note here is that the multibyte character exists in
both versions. But in the broken version we see that the bytes are
wrapped in a sequence of "85 02" and "02 85". This is the CTLMBCHAR byte
sequence of Dash, which it uses internally to quote multibyte sequences.
As it turns out, this bug was introduced in c5bf970 (expand: Add
multi-byte support to pmatch, 2024-06-02), which adds multibyte support
to more contexts of Dash. One of these contexts seems to be in heredocs,
and Dash _does_ correctly unquote these multibyte sequences when using
an unquoted heredoc. But the bug seems to be that this unquoting does
not happen in quoted heredocs, and the bug still exists on the latest
"master" branch.
For now, work around the bug by using unquoted heredocs instead.
Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
"git ls-remote '+refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*' https://..." run outside a
repository would dereference a NULL while trying to see if the given
refspec is a single-object refspec, which has been corrected.
* kj/refspec-parsing-outside-repository:
refspec: fix typo in comment
remote-curl: fall back to default hash outside repo
Junio C Hamano [Wed, 1 Apr 2026 17:28:19 +0000 (10:28 -0700)]
Merge branch 'jk/t0061-bat-test-update'
A test to run a .bat file with whitespaces in the name with arguments
with whitespaces in them was flaky in that sometimes it got killed
before it produced expected side effects, which has been rewritten to
make it more robust.
* jk/t0061-bat-test-update:
t0061: simplify .bat test
Junio C Hamano [Wed, 1 Apr 2026 17:28:18 +0000 (10:28 -0700)]
Merge branch 'jk/diff-highlight-more'
Various updates to contrib/diff-highlight, including documentation
updates, test improvements, and color configuration handling.
* jk/diff-highlight-more:
diff-highlight: fetch all config with one process
diff-highlight: allow module callers to pass in color config
diff-highlight: test color config
diff-highlight: use test_decode_color in tests
t: add matching negative attributes to test_decode_color
diff-highlight: check diff-highlight exit status in tests
diff-highlight: drop perl version dependency back to 5.8
diff-highlight: mention build instructions
Junio C Hamano [Mon, 30 Mar 2026 20:57:02 +0000 (13:57 -0700)]
Merge branch 'jw/object-name-bitset-to-enum'
The unsigned integer that is used as an bitset to specify the kind
of branches interpret_branch_name() function has been changed to
use a dedicated enum type.
* jw/object-name-bitset-to-enum:
object-name: turn INTERPRET_BRANCH_* constants into enum values
Junio C Hamano [Mon, 30 Mar 2026 20:57:00 +0000 (13:57 -0700)]
Merge branch 'jw/apply-corrupt-location'
"git apply" now reports the name of the input file along with the
line number when it encounters a corrupt patch, and correctly
resets the line counter when processing multiple patch files.
* jw/apply-corrupt-location:
apply: report input location in binary and garbage patch errors
apply: report input location in header parsing errors
apply: report the location of corrupt patches
Jayesh Daga [Mon, 30 Mar 2026 18:38:06 +0000 (18:38 +0000)]
read-cache: use istate->repo for trace2 logging
trace2 calls in read-cache.c use the global 'the_repository',
even though the relevant index_state provides an explicit
repository pointer via 'istate->repo'.
Using the global repository can result in incorrect trace2
output when multiple repository instances are in use, as
events may be attributed to the wrong repository.
Use 'istate->repo' instead to ensure correct repository
attribution.
Signed-off-by: Jayesh Daga <jayeshdaga99@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Pablo Sabater [Mon, 30 Mar 2026 11:18:22 +0000 (13:18 +0200)]
receive-pack: use worktree HEAD for updateInstead
When a bare repo has linked worktrees, and its HEAD points to an unborn branch,
pushing to a wt branch with updateInstead fails and rejects the push, even if
the wt is clean. This happens because HEAD is checked only for the bare repo
context, instead of the wt.
Remove head_has_history and check for worktree->head_oid which does
have the correct HEAD of the wt.
Update the test added by Runxi's patch to expect success.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Sabater <pabloosabaterr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Pablo Sabater [Mon, 30 Mar 2026 11:18:21 +0000 (13:18 +0200)]
t5516: clean up cloned and new-wt in denyCurrentBranch and worktrees test
The 'denyCurrentBranch and worktrees' test creates a 'cloned' and a 'new-wt'
but it doesn't clean them after the test. This makes other tests that use
the same name after this one to fail.
Add test_when_finished to clean them at the end.
Signed-off-by: Pablo Sabater <pabloosabaterr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Runxi Yu [Mon, 30 Mar 2026 11:18:20 +0000 (13:18 +0200)]
t5516: test updateInstead with worktree and unborn bare HEAD
This is a regression test which should presently fail, to demonstrate
the behavior I encountered that looks like a bug.
When a bare repository has a worktree checked out on a separate branch,
receive.denyCurrentBranch=updateInstead should allow a push to that
branch and update the linked worktree, as long as the linked worktree is
clean.
But, if the bare repository's own HEAD is repointed to an unborn branch,
the push is rejected with "Working directory has staged changes", even
though the linked worktree itself is clean.
This test is essentially a minimal working example of what I encountered
while actually using Git; it might not be the optimal way to demonstrate
the underlying bug. I suspect builtin/receive-pack.c is using the bare
repository's HEAD even when comparing it to the worktree's index.
Signed-off-by: Runxi Yu <me@runxiyu.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Quentin Bernet [Mon, 30 Mar 2026 13:24:35 +0000 (13:24 +0000)]
docs: fix "git stash [push]" documentation
Both the synopsis and explanation are incorrect and contradict each
other.
The synopsis claims "push" can only be omitted when you do not give any
options and arguments.
The explanation correctly claims that non-option arguments are not
allowed, except pathspec elements preceded by double hyphens.
But it also adds "-p" to the list of exceptions, even though it is an
option argument.
Signed-off-by: Quentin Bernet <quentin.bernet@bluewin.ch> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
doc: gitignore: clarify pattern base for info/exclude and core.excludesFile
The pattern format section describes how patterns are interpreted
relative to the location of a .gitignore file, but does not mention
the behavior for exclude sources outside the working tree.
Clarify that patterns from $GIT_DIR/info/exclude and core.excludesFile
are treated as if they are specified at the root of the working tree,
so a leading '/' anchors matches at the repository root.
Reported-by: Dan Drake <dan@dandrake.org> Signed-off-by: Shreyansh Paliwal <shreyanshpaliwalcmsmn@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Trieu Huynh [Sat, 28 Mar 2026 13:59:35 +0000 (22:59 +0900)]
t6101: avoid suppressing git's exit code
Update t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh to redirect git-rev-parse
output to a temporary file instead of piping it directly to
not hide the exit code of git commands behind pipes, as a
crash in git might go unnoticed.
Signed-off-by: Trieu Huynh <vikingtc4@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Trieu Huynh [Sat, 28 Mar 2026 13:29:54 +0000 (22:29 +0900)]
t8003: avoid suppressing git's exit code
Update t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh to redirect git-blame output
to a temporary file instead of piping it directly to not hide
the exit code of git commands behind pipes, as a crash in git
might go unnoticed.
Signed-off-by: Trieu Huynh <vikingtc4@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Zakariyah Ali [Fri, 27 Mar 2026 23:40:19 +0000 (00:40 +0100)]
t2000: modernise overall structure
This test script that dates back to 2005 certainly shows its age and
both its style and the way the tests are laid out do not match the
modern standard.
* Executables that prepare the data used to test the command should
be inside the test_expect_success block in modern tests.
* In modern tests, running a command that is being tested, making
sure it succeeds, and inspecting other side effects that are
expected, are all done in a single test_expect_success block.
* A test_expect_success block in modern tests are laid out as
test_expect_success 'title of the test' '
body of the test &&
...
body of the test
'
not as
test_expect_success \
'title of the test' \
'body of the test &&
...
body of the test'
which is in a prehistoric style.
* In modern tests, each &&-chained statement in the body of the
test_expect_success block are indented with a horizontal tab,
unlike prehistoric style that used 4-space indent.
Signed-off-by: Zakariyah Ali <zakariyahali100@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Taylor Blau [Fri, 27 Mar 2026 20:06:54 +0000 (16:06 -0400)]
repack: mark non-MIDX packs above the split as excluded-open
In 5ee86c273bf (repack: exclude cruft pack(s) from the MIDX where
possible, 2025-06-23), geometric repacking learned to exclude cruft
packs from the MIDX when 'repack.midxMustContainCruft' is set to
'false'.
This works because packs generated with '--stdin-packs=follow' rescue
any once-unreachable objects that later become reachable, making the
resulting packs closed under reachability without needing the cruft pack
in the MIDX.
However, packs above the geometric split that were not part of the
previous MIDX may not have full object closure. When such packs are
marked as excluded-closed ('^'), pack-objects treats them as a
reachability boundary and does not traverse through them during the
follow pass, potentially leaving the resulting pack without full
closure.
Fix this by marking packs above the geometric split that were not in the
previous MIDX as excluded-open ('!') instead of excluded-closed ('^').
This causes pack-objects to walk through their commits during the follow
pass, rescuing any reachable objects not present in the closed-excluded
packs.
Note that MIDXs which were generated prior to this change and are
unlucky enough to not be closed under reachability may still exhibit
this bug, as we treat all MIDX'd packs as closed. That is true in an
overwhelming number of cases, since in order to have a non-closed MIDX
you would have to:
- Generate a pack via an earlier geometric repack that is not closed
under reachability.
- Store that pack in the MIDX.
- Avoid picking any commits to receive reachability bitmaps which
happen to reach objects from which the missing objects are reachable.
In the extremely rare chance that all of the above should happen, an
all-into-one repack will resolve the issue.
Unfortunately, there is no perfect way to determine whether a MIDX'd
pack is closed outside of ensuring that there is a '1' bit in at least
one bitmap for every bit position corresponding to objects in that pack.
While this is possible to do, this approach would treat MIDX'd packs as
open in cases where there is at least one object that is not reachable
from the subset of commits selected for bitmapping.
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Taylor Blau [Fri, 27 Mar 2026 20:06:51 +0000 (16:06 -0400)]
pack-objects: support excluded-open packs with --stdin-packs
In cd846bacc7d (pack-objects: introduce '--stdin-packs=follow',
2025-06-23), pack-objects learned to traverse through commits in
included packs when using '--stdin-packs=follow', rescuing reachable
objects from unlisted packs into the output.
When we encounter a commit in an excluded pack during this rescuing
phase we will traverse through its parents. But because we set
`revs.no_kept_objects = 1`, commit simplification will prevent us from
showing it via `get_revision()`. (In practice, `--stdin-packs=follow`
walks commits down to the roots, but only opens up trees for ones that
do not appear in an excluded pack.)
But there are certain cases where we *do* need to see the parents of an
object in an excluded pack. Namely, if an object is rescue-able, but
only reachable from object(s) which appear in excluded packs, then
commit simplification will exclude those commits from the object
traversal, and we will never see a copy of that object, and thus not
rescue it.
This is what causes the failure in the previous commit during repacking.
When performing a geometric repack, packs above the geometric split that
weren't part of the previous MIDX (e.g., packs pushed directly into
`$GIT_DIR/objects/pack`) may not have full object closure. When those
packs are listed as excluded via the '^' marker, the reachability
traversal encounters the sequence described above, and may miss objects
which we expect to rescue with `--stdin-packs=follow`.
Introduce a new "excluded-open" pack prefix, '!'. Like '^'-prefixed
packs, objects from '!'-prefixed packs are excluded from the resulting
pack. But unlike '^', commits in '!'-prefixed packs *are* used as
starting points for the follow traversal, and the traversal does not
treat them as a closure boundary.
In order to distinguish excluded-closed from excluded-open packs during
the traversal, introduce a new `pack_keep_in_core_open` bit on
`struct packed_git`, along with a corresponding `KEPT_PACK_IN_CORE_OPEN`
flag for the kept-pack cache.
In `add_object_entry_from_pack()`, move the `want_object_in_pack()`
check to *after* `add_pending_oid()`. This is necessary so that commits
from excluded-open packs are added as traversal tips even though their
objects won't appear in the output. As a consequence, the caller
`for_each_object_in_pack()` will always provide a non-NULL 'p', hence we
are able to drop the "if (p)" conditional.
The `include_check` and `include_check_obj` callbacks on `rev_info` are
used to halt the walk at closed-excluded packs, since objects behind a
'^' boundary are guaranteed to have closure and need not be rescued.
The following commit will make use of this new functionality within the
repack layer to resolve the test failure demonstrated in the previous
commit.
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Taylor Blau [Fri, 27 Mar 2026 20:06:49 +0000 (16:06 -0400)]
t7704: demonstrate failure with once-cruft objects above the geometric split
Add a test demonstrating a case where geometric repacking fails to
produce a pack with full object closure, thus making it impossible to
write a reachability bitmap.
Mark the test with 'test_expect_failure' for now. The subsequent commit
will explain the precise failure mode, and implement a fix.
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Taylor Blau [Fri, 27 Mar 2026 20:06:46 +0000 (16:06 -0400)]
pack-objects: refactor `read_packs_list_from_stdin()` to use `strmap`
The '--stdin-packs' mode of pack-objects maintains two separate
string_lists: one for included packs, and one for excluded packs. Each
list stores the pack basename as a string and the corresponding
`packed_git` pointer in its `->util` field.
This works, but makes it awkward to extend the set of pack "kinds" that
pack-objects can accept via stdin, since each new kind would need its
own string_list and duplicated handling. A future commit will want to do
just this, so prepare for that change by handling the various "kinds" of
packs specified over stdin in a more generic fashion.
Namely, replace the two `string_list`s with a single `strmap` keyed on
the pack basename, with values pointing to a new `struct
stdin_pack_info`. This struct tracks both the `packed_git` pointer and a
`kind` bitfield indicating whether the pack was specified as included or
excluded.
Extract the logic for sorting packs by mtime and adding their objects
into a separate `stdin_packs_add_pack_entries()` helper.
While we could have used a `string_list`, we must handle the case where
the same pack is specified more than once. With a `string_list` only, we
would have to pay a quadratic cost to either (a) insert elements into
their sorted positions, or (b) a repeated linear search, which is
accidentally quadratic. For that reason, use a strmap instead.
This patch does not include any functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Taylor Blau [Fri, 27 Mar 2026 20:06:43 +0000 (16:06 -0400)]
pack-objects: plug leak in `read_stdin_packs()`
The `read_stdin_packs()` function added originally via 339bce27f4f
(builtin/pack-objects.c: add '--stdin-packs' option, 2021-02-22)
declares a `rev_info` struct but neglects to call `release_revisions()`
on it before returning, creating the potential for a leak.
The related change in 97ec43247c0 (pack-objects: declare 'rev_info' for
'--stdin-packs' earlier, 2025-06-23) carried forward this oversight and
did not address it.
Ensure that we call `release_revisions()` appropriately to prevent a
potential leak from this function. Note that in practice our `rev_info`
here does not have a present leak, hence t5331 passes cleanly before
this commit, even when built with SANITIZE=leak.
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Mirko Faina [Fri, 27 Mar 2026 19:48:10 +0000 (20:48 +0100)]
format-patch: removing unconditional wrapping
Using format-patch with --commit-list-format different than shortlog,
causes the commit entry lines to wrap if they get longer than
MAIL_DEFAULT_WRAP (72 characters).
While this might be sensible for many when sending changes through
email, it forces this decision of wrapping on the user, reducing the
control granularity of --commit-list-format.
Teach generate_commit_list_cover() to respect commit entry line lengths
and place this wrapping rule on the "modern" preset format instead.
Signed-off-by: Mirko Faina <mroik@delayed.space> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Mirko Faina [Fri, 27 Mar 2026 19:48:09 +0000 (20:48 +0100)]
docs: fix --commit-list-format related entries
Documentation specifies that "git format-patch" would default to
format.commitListFormat if --commit-list-format is not given, but
doesn't specify the default if the format.commitListFormat is not set.
The text for --cover-letter is also obsolete as the commit list can now
be something other than a shortlog.
Document to reflect changes.
Signed-off-by: Mirko Faina <mroik@delayed.space> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Junio C Hamano [Fri, 27 Mar 2026 18:00:02 +0000 (11:00 -0700)]
Merge branch 'kh/doc-interpret-trailers-1'
Doc updates.
* kh/doc-interpret-trailers-1:
interpret-trailers: use placeholder instead of *
doc: config: convert trailers section to synopsis style
doc: interpret-trailers: normalize and fill out options
doc: interpret-trailers: convert to synopsis style
Junio C Hamano [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 21:03:57 +0000 (14:03 -0700)]
Merge branch 'mf/format-patch-commit-list-format' into mf/format-patch-commit-list-format-doc
* mf/format-patch-commit-list-format:
format-patch: --commit-list-format without prefix
format-patch: add preset for --commit-list-format
format-patch: wrap generate_commit_list_cover()
format.commitListFormat: strip meaning from empty
docs/pretty-formats: add %(count) and %(total)
format-patch: rename --cover-letter-format option
format-patch: refactor generate_commit_list_cover
pretty.c: better die message %(count) and %(total)
docs: add usage for the cover-letter fmt feature
format-patch: add commitListFormat config
format-patch: add ability to use alt cover format
format-patch: move cover letter summary generation
pretty.c: add %(count) and %(total) placeholders
Jeff King [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:23:20 +0000 (15:23 -0400)]
config: store allocated string in non-const pointer
When git-config matches a url, we copy the variable section name and
store it in the "section" member of a urlmatch_config struct. That
member is const, since the url-matcher will not touch it (and other
callers really will have a const string).
But that means that we have only a const pointer to our allocated
string. We have to cast away the constness when we free it, and likewise
when we assign NUL to tie off the "." separating the subsection and key.
This latter happens implicitly via a strchr() call, but recent versions
of glibc have added annotations that let the compiler detect that and
complain.
Let's keep our own "section" pointer for the non-const string, and then
just point config.section at it. That avoids all of the casting, both
explicit and implicit.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Jeff King [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:14:24 +0000 (15:14 -0400)]
rev-parse: avoid writing to const string for parent marks
The previous commit cleared up some const confusion in handling parent
marks in revision.c, but we have roughly the same code duplicated in
rev-parse. This one is much easier to fix, because the handling of the
shortened string is all done in one place, after detecting any marks
(but without shortening the string between marks).
As a side note, I suspect this means that it behaves differently than
the revision.c parser for weird stuff like "foo^!^@^-", but that is
outside the scope of this patch.
While we are here, let's also rename the variable "dotdot", which is
totally misleading (and which we already fixed in revision.c long ago
via f632dedd8d (handle_revision_arg: stop using "dotdot" as a generic
pointer, 2017-05-19)).
Doing that here makes the diff a little messier, but it also lets the
compiler help us make sure we did not miss any stray mentions of the
variable while we are changing its semantics.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Jeff King [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:13:18 +0000 (15:13 -0400)]
revision: avoid writing to const string for parent marks
We take in a "const char *", but may write a NUL into it when parsing
parent marks like "foo^-", since we want to isolate "foo" as a string
for further parsing. This is usually OK, as our "const" strings are
often actually argv strings which are technically writeable, but we'd
segfault with a string literal like:
handle_revision_arg("HEAD^-", &revs, 0, 0);
Similar to how we handled dotdot in a previous commit, we can avoid this
by making a temporary copy of the left-hand side of the string. The cost
should negligible compared to the rest of the parsing (like actually
parsing commits to create their parent linked-lists).
There is one slightly tricky thing, though. We parse some of the marks
progressively, so that if we see "foo^!" for example, we'll strip that
down to "foo" not just for calling add_parents_only(), but also for the
rest of the function. That makes sense since we eventually want to pass
"foo" to get_oid_with_context(). But it also means that we'll keep
looking for other marks. In particular, "foo^-^!" is valid, though oddly
"foo^!^-" would ignore the "^-". I'm not sure if this is a weird
historical artifact of the implementation, or if there are important
corner cases.
So I've left the behavior unchanged. Each mark we find allocates a
string with the mark stripped, which means we could allocate multiple
times (and carry a free-able pointer for each to the end). But in
practice we won't, because of the three marks, "^@" jumps immediately to
the end without further parsing, and "^-^!" is nonsense that nobody
would pass. So you'd get one allocation in general, and never more than
two.
Another obvious option would be to just copy "arg" up front and be OK
with munging it. But that means we pay the cost even when we find no
marks. We could make a single copy upon finding a mark and then munge,
but that adds extra code to each site (checking whether somebody else
allocated, and if not, adjusting our "mark" pointer to be relative to
the copied string).
I aimed for something that was clear and obvious, if a bit verbose.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Jeff King [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:05:25 +0000 (15:05 -0400)]
rev-parse: simplify dotdot parsing
The previous commit simplified the way that revision.c parses ".." and
"..." range operators. But there's roughly similar code in rev-parse.
This is less likely to trigger a segfault, as there is no library
function which we'd pass a string literal to, but it still causes the
compiler to complain about laundering away constness via strstr().
Let's give it the same treatment, copying the left-hand side of the
range operator into its own string.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Jeff King [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:04:44 +0000 (15:04 -0400)]
revision: make handle_dotdot() interface less confusing
There are two very subtle bits to the way we parse ".." (and "...")
range operators:
1. In handle_dotdot_1(), we assume that the incoming arguments "dotdot"
and "arg" are part of the same string, with the first digit of the
range-operator blanked to a NUL. Then when we want the full name
(e.g., to report an error), we replace the NUL with a dot to restore
the original string.
2. In handle_dotdot(), we take in a const string, but then we modify it
by overwriting the range operator with a NUL. This has worked OK in
practice since we tend to pass in buffers that are actually
writeable (including argv), but segfaults with something like:
handle_revision_arg("..HEAD", &revs, 0, 0);
On top of that, building with recent versions of glibc causes the
compiler to complain, because it notices when we use strchr() or
strstr() to launder away constness (basically detecting the
possibility of the segfault above via the type system).
Instead of munging the buffer, let's instead make a temporary copy of
the left-hand side of the range operator. That avoids any const
violations, and lets us pass around the parsed elements independently:
the left-hand side, the right-hand side, the number of dots (via the
"symmetric" flag), and the original full string for error messages.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Justin Tobler [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:14:14 +0000 (14:14 -0500)]
fast-import: add 'abort-if-invalid' mode to '--signed-tags=<mode>'
In git-fast-import(1), the 'abort-if-invalid' mode for the
'--signed-commits' option verifies commit signatures during import and
aborts the entire operation when verification fails. Extend the same
behavior to signed tag objects by introducing an 'abort-if-invalid' mode
for the '--signed-tags' option.
Signed-off-by: Justin Tobler <jltobler@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Justin Tobler [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:14:13 +0000 (14:14 -0500)]
fast-import: add 'sign-if-invalid' mode to '--signed-tags=<mode>'
With ee66c793f8 (fast-import: add mode to sign commits with invalid
signatures, 2026-03-12), git-fast-import(1) learned to verify commit
signatures during import and replace signatures that fail verification
with a newly generated one. Extend the same behavior to signed tag
objects by introducing a 'sign-if-invalid' mode for the '--signed-tags'
option.
Signed-off-by: Justin Tobler <jltobler@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Justin Tobler [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:14:12 +0000 (14:14 -0500)]
fast-import: add 'strip-if-invalid' mode to '--signed-tags=<mode>'
With c20f112e51 (fast-import: add 'strip-if-invalid' mode to
--signed-commits=<mode>, 2025-11-17), git-fast-import(1) learned to
verify commit signatures during import and strip signatures that fail
verification. Extend the same behavior to signed tag objects by
introducing a 'strip-if-invalid' mode for the '--signed-tags' option.
Signed-off-by: Justin Tobler <jltobler@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Justin Tobler [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:14:11 +0000 (14:14 -0500)]
fast-import: add 'abort-if-invalid' mode to '--signed-commits=<mode>'
The '--signed-commits=<mode>' option for git-fast-import(1) configures
how signed commits are handled when encountered. In cases where an
invalid commit signature is encountered, a user may wish to abort the
operation entirely. Introduce an 'abort-if-invalid' mode to do so.
Signed-off-by: Justin Tobler <jltobler@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Justin Tobler [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:14:10 +0000 (14:14 -0500)]
fast-export: check for unsupported signing modes earlier
The '--signed-{commits,tags}' options for git-fast-export(1) support
only a subset of the modes accepted by git-fast-import(1). Unsupported
modes such as 'strip-if-invalid' and 'sign-if-invalid' are accepted
during option parsing, but cause the command to die later when a signed
object is encountered.
Instead, reject unsupported signing modes immediately after parsing the
option. This treats them the same as other unknown modes and avoids
deferring the error until object processing. This also removes
duplicated checks in commit/tag handling code.
Signed-off-by: Justin Tobler <jltobler@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Derrick Stolee [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 15:14:54 +0000 (15:14 +0000)]
t5620: test backfill's unknown argument handling
Before the recent changes to parse rev-list arguments inside of 'git
backfill', the builtin would take arbitrary arguments without complaint (and
ignore them). This was noticed and a patch was sent [1] which motivates
this change.
Note that the revision machinery can output an "ambiguous argument"
warning if a value not starting with '--' is found and doesn't make
sense as a reference or a pathspec. For unrecognized arguments starting
with '--' we need to add logic into builtin/backfill.c to catch leftover
arguments.
Reported-by: Siddharth Shrimali <r.siddharth.shrimali@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Derrick Stolee [Thu, 26 Mar 2026 15:14:53 +0000 (15:14 +0000)]
path-walk: support wildcard pathspecs for blob filtering
Previously, walk_objects_by_path() silently ignored pathspecs containing
wildcards or magic by clearing them. This caused all blobs to be
downloaded regardless of the given pathspec. Wildcard pathspecs like
"d/file.*.txt" are useful for narrowing which blobs to process (e.g.,
during 'git backfill').
Support wildcard pathspecs by making two changes:
1. Add an 'exact_pathspecs' flag to path_walk_context. When the
pathspec has no wildcards or magic, set this flag and use the
existing fast-path prefix matching in add_tree_entries(). When
wildcards are present, skip that block since prefix matching
cannot handle glob patterns.
2. Add a match_pathspec() check in walk_path() to filter out blobs
whose full path does not match the pathspec. This provides the
actual blob-level filtering for wildcard pathspecs.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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