pack-bitmap: check subtree bits before recursing

pack-bitmap: check subtree bits before recursing

In the previous commit, we adjusted the callers of `fill_bitmap_tree()`
to pass in the bit position of the tree they wish to fill.

This commit makes use of that information at the call site to avoid
setting up a stack frame for fill_bitmap_tree() entirely whenever a
tree's bit position is already set.

Since this is such a hot path, the avoided cost of setting up and
tearing down stack frames for each noop'd call to `fill_bitmap_tree()`
is significant:

    +--------------+-------------+-------------+-------------------+
    |              | HEAD^       | HEAD        | Delta             |
    +--------------+-------------+-------------+-------------------+
    | elapsed      |   582.4 s   |   562.8 s   |  -19.6 s  (-3.4%) |
    | cycles       | 2,713.3 B   | 2,621.3 B   |  -92.0 B  (-3.4%) |
    | instructions | 2,415.5 B   | 2,348.9 B   |  -66.6 B  (-2.8%) |
    | CPI          |     1.123   |     1.116   |  -0.007   (-0.7%) |
    +--------------+-------------+-------------+-------------------+

In the same repository as in the previous commit, our timings dropped
from ~582.4 seconds down to ~562.77 seconds.

While the cycles-per-instruction ratio is basically unchanged, we
execute significantly fewer instructions, and correspondingly fewer
cycles.

Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>